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  • Company formation in PortugalDatum24.04.2024 14:59
    Thema von RobertGibson im Forum Dies ist ein Forum in...

    Portugal has a corporate tax rate of 21%. Companies that operate under VAT have to pay tax on purchases at 23%. Certain services, like those related to some foodstuffs, admission to certain cultural events, restaurant & cafe food, some agricultural supplies, wine, mineral water, and others, benefit from a 13% VAT rate.

  • Thema von RobertGibson im Forum Dies ist ein Forum in...

    Order one of the provided Latvian individual support or wealth management services and we shall provide you a custom, tailor-made solution. Confidus Solutions, collaborates with a number of professionals from different industries, develops an efficient strategy and creates a unique solution designed for each customer specifically. Once the communication is established, you will receive a list of documents and information required to proceed.

    Support & legal services in Latvia
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  • Liberties and freedom in GreeceDatum28.06.2023 12:47
    Thema von RobertGibson im Forum Dies ist ein Forum in...

    In terms of political and civil liberties, Greece ranks 1st. Citizens of Greece enjoy complete freedom. The majority of countries in which citizens enjoy broad civil and political liberties are representative democracies, in which civil servants are directly elected by the citizens to represent their needs and aspirations. Free countries are often backed by healthy economies and well-functioning governments. In terms of economic freedom, Greek companies are in 4th place. The citizens of Greece are considered to be largely restricted when it comes to their economic decisions. The government has complete control over the majority of businesses and there is a high level of corruption in the economy. For these reasons, this country is considered unsafe for foreign investment as lenders may not have full control over their own financial decisions. In terms of journalistic freedom, Greece's media ranks 3rd. In Greece, journalists face a difficult situation. Censorship is widespread and media not favored by the ruling authorities can be banned.

  • Trademark protection in China Datum08.03.2023 15:42
    Thema von RobertGibson im Forum Dies ist ein Forum in...

    The Chinese market is huge and evolving, so there are many benefits to registering your trademark in the registers of the Trademark Office of the State Administration of Industry and Commerce of the People's Republic of China (SAIC).

    Since the entry into force of the TRIPs agreement, the legislation on registration and protection of trademarks in China has become more and more similar to that in Europe. Nevertheless, the process was gradual and not yet complete, as the TRIPs agreement provided only basic rules that could be implemented by the states, dividing the agreement in the long term according to their legal situation. Companies that do not promptly register their trademark in China face many problems when trying to fight counterfeiting of their products in order to obtain trademark protection in China.

    If you don't register on time, there is a big risk that your brand has already been “copied” and registered by a local company in China before you start your expansion in the Chinese market.

    In fact, unlike courts in Europe and the United States, Chinese courts can completely reject the global practice of granting protection to unregistered trademarks of well-known companies. For example, in 1996, a Chinese apparel company registered a graphic of a horse identical to Ferrari's. The Chinese Trademark Office rejected Ferrari's objection to the registration on the grounds that the Chinese company had applied for registration of the graphic first (first-to-file principle). Ferrari appealed the decision, arguing that the symbol was recognizable as the symbol of the Ferrari brand around the world, including China. In 2007, after 11 years of litigation, the Beijing First Intermediate Court ruled that Ferrari's horse graphic was not a famous brand among Chinese consumers and deserved no legal protection, although the "Ferrari" name was.

    In the near future, the situation may change due to the development of Chinese technology and trade, which will make Chinese companies interested in trademark protection as well as European and American companies, which could make the competition even fiercer.

    Considering that the mere use of the trademark without registration is legally irrelevant, you should act before starting your commercial activities. This is also important because the effects of legal protection in China come into effect from the moment of registration and not just from the moment of filing, and the usual time to obtain a registration is around 2-4 years.

  • Thema von RobertGibson im Forum Dies ist ein Forum in...

    In general, all jurisdictions can be divided into classic offshore, low-tax jurisdictions and prestige jurisdictions. The prestige of a jurisdiction corresponds to its rank, which is determined by taking into account and evaluating information from the International Sanctions List, the OECD Gray or Black List and the EU Jurisdiction White List as well as data on the development of the financial markets and determining whether the jurisdiction ob FATF AML is deficient and whether there are money laundering concerns. These are the basic criteria that matter in determining whether the jurisdiction is prestigious or not. It cannot be considered prestigious if it is on a financial blacklist.

    Austria, France, the United Kingdom, the United States of America and Switzerland are among the top five most reputable jurisdictions for incorporating a company.

    A general overview of Austria

    Registering a company or start-up in this jurisdiction allows the owner(s) to participate in all projects initiated by the Austrian government. The basic company types available are LLC, ULP, PJSC, PLLC, LLP, and JSC.

    Taxes: The income tax rate is 25%, with a minimum corporation tax of EUR 500, plus 20% VAT and a capital tax that varies between 0.8% and 1%. If the subsidiary is registered within the EU, the tax rate on dividend income is 0%; if not, it is 25%.

    Austria has agreements with more than 90 countries that enable companies to avoid double taxation. It has no exchange control. This jurisdiction ensures the confidentiality of business data.

    A general overview of France

    France is a respectable jurisdiction that allows your company to offer products and services bearing the mark of a European company. The basic legal structures available are SP, GP, PJSC, PJSC, LLC, CLS and LLPE.

    France offers a number of options: the ability to obtain credit from French banks, the ability to obtain a residence permit, no taxation for companies registered in the country doing business outside of France, and no exchange controls. France has agreements with more than 89 other countries that allow companies to avoid double taxation.

    A general overview of the United Kingdom

    The UK is considered a respectable jurisdiction due to its high level of legal protection, a simple and transparent tax system, the ability to charge VAT and the availability of nominee services.

    The basic company types available in the UK are PC, Limited Warranty Company, ULC and LLC. Again, there are no tax obligations for UK registered companies operating exclusively outside the country. Corporate tax rates depend on profit (between 20% and 24%). The UK has agreements with more than 100 countries that allow companies to avoid double taxation.

    A general overview of the United States of America

    The US offers a respectable, highly trusted jurisdiction for a company to register, allowing it to offer products and services bearing a US company's trademark. This jurisdiction imposes no tax obligations on entities designated as non-resident and also permits nominee services. There is no taxation for companies incorporated in the country that do all their business outside of the United States.

    The basic legal structures available are private contractor, corporation, branch of a foreign corporation, representative office of a foreign corporation, partnership, LLC, joint venture, or LLJSC.

    A general overview of Switzerland

    The good reputation of this jurisdiction is based on several factors, such as strong business development, a dynamic economy and a track record of innovation. The most important corporate forms available in Switzerland are LLC, ULP, JSC, Commandite Partnership and Subsidiary.

    Switzerland offers a high level of confidentiality, the world's leading currency, mechanisms to avoid double taxation, a reasonable tax system with tax rates depending on residence, income level and legal form of the company, tax optimization opportunities and the opportunity to set up service companies that can for the administration of the business activities of the parent company

  • Thema von RobertGibson im Forum Dies ist ein Forum in...

    A trademark is a recognizable design, phrase, or mark that distinguishes a product or service from a particular source from those of others. Sometimes a mark used to identify a service is called a service mark, particularly in the United States. The trademark can be owned by a company, legal entity or individual and is usually found on a label, packaging, voucher, the product itself or sometimes even on company buildings. The primary purpose of a brand is to communicate that a product comes from a unique source and to differentiate it from other, similar products. For example, a trademark application serves to protect a brand name in order to preserve its original authorship.

    Trademarks are protected by intellectual property rights. Intellectual property means a creation of the mind and a monopoly over that mind, assigned and protected by law to the owner of that intellectual property. Trademarks, patents, copyrights and design rights are all part of intellectual property rights. Any unauthorized use of the trademark through the manufacture or sale of counterfeit consumer goods constitutes an infringement of intellectual property rights known as trademark piracy. In the event of such infringement, the trademark owner may take legal action against trademark infringement.

    Reasons to register and protect your trademark
    Some countries, including the United States and Canada, recognize common law trademark rights, which allow action to be taken to protect a brand name even if a trademark has not been registered on it. Nevertheless, it offers significantly less legal protection compared to registered trademarks. Most countries now require formal trademark registration in order to take legal action against trademark infringement. Below is a quick guide on how to go through the process of registering your own trademark.

    If the brand name is already in use before the trademark is registered, registration can be applied for under the concept of commercial use, declaring that the brand name is used commercially and is dated when it was first used. The declaration is usually included in the standard application form, which then has to be submitted to the competent authority with a sample showing the use of the brand name. Before submitting the registration form, it is necessary to search for existing trademarks related to a specific brand name - this can be done online.

    Recent major trademark infringement cases
    There have been numerous trademark infringement cases in the history of industrial property rights. Each of them serves as a reminder that intellectual property infringement is as serious an offense as physical property infringement.

    #1 Louis Vuitton vs. Louis Vuitton Dak
    Fashion designer Louis Vuitton recently won a trademark lawsuit against a South Korean fried chicken restaurant, Louis Vuiton Dak. The court ruled that not only was the restaurant's name too similar to the fashion brand, its logo and packaging closely resembled the designer's iconic imagery.

    #2 Starbucks vs. Freddocino
    In 2016, Starbucks took legal action against the company that owns the Coffee Culture Cafe in New York after it launched a drink called Freddocino. Starbucks owns a trademark for the term frappucino and notes that not only do both names share too many similarities, but both drinks share the same structure and visuals.

    #3 3M vs 3N
    3M initiated a lawsuit against a Chinese company using the 3N brand name and won on the grounds that the company had managed to attract customers and a significant market share thanks to similarities with 3M and its high distinctiveness and reputation of this brand name.

  • Demographics of DenmarkDatum05.10.2022 18:07
    Thema von RobertGibson im Forum Dies ist ein Forum in...

    The total population of Denmark is 5,754,356 people. The people of Denmark speak the Danish language. The linguistic diversity of Denmark is vaguely diverse according to a fractionation scale, which is 0.1049 for Denmark. The average age is around 41.6 years. Life expectancy in Denmark is 80. Female fertility rate in Denmark is 1.7. Around 18% of the Danish population is obese. Ethnic diversity is nearly uniform according to a fractionation scale, which for Denmark is 0.0819. Details on the language, religion, age, gender distribution and advancement of the people of Denmark can be found in the sections below, as well as the section on education in the country.

    population
    In Denmark, the population density is 131 people per square kilometer (341 per square mile). Based on these statistics, this country is considered densely populated. The total population of Denmark is 5,754,356 people. Denmark has approximately 572,520 foreign immigrants. Immigrants in Denmark account for 0.3 percent of the total number of immigrants worldwide. Immigrants in Denmark account for 9.9 percent of the total number of immigrants worldwide. Denmark's ethnic diversity is nearly uniform according to a fractionation scale based on ethnicity. Ethnic Fractionation (EF) deals with the number, size, socioeconomic distribution, and geographic location of diverse cultural groups, usually within a state or some other demarcated area. Specific cultural characteristics can refer to language, skin color, religion, ethnicity, customs and traditions, history, or other distinctive criteria, alone or in combination. These characteristics are often used for social exclusion and power monopolization. The index of ethnic fractionation in Denmark is 0.0819. This means that the people living in Denmark come from a narrow group of ethnic groups that are all related to each other. EF is usually measured as 1 minus the Herfindahl concentration index of ethnolinguistic group proportions, which reflects the probability that two randomly drawn individuals from the population belong to different groups. The theoretical maximum of EF of 1 means that each person belongs to a different group. Read Denmark's median age and gender distribution statistics at different ages below.

    Age
    The average age is around 41.6 years. The average age for men is 40.7 and the average age for women is 42.5.

    Gender
    The sex ratio, or number of males per female (estimated at birth), is 1.055. It can be further broken down into the following categories: sex ratio under 15 - 1.05; sex ratio from 15 to 64 - 1.01; sex ratio over 64 - 0.78; Overall sex ratio - 0.98. The overall sex ratio differs from the sex ratio estimated at birth. This is because some newborns are included in the sex ratio estimated at birth, but die within the first few weeks of life and are not included in the overall sex ratio.

    Religion
    The majority religion in Denmark is Christianity, whose adherents make up 83.5% of all religious believers in the country. Christianity is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ as presented in the New Testament. Christianity is the largest religion in the world with over 2.4 billion followers known as Christians. Christians believe that Jesus is the Son of God and the Savior of mankind, whose coming as Christ or Messiah was prophesied in the Old Testament. Besides Christianity, there are several other religions in the country. Other religions in Denmark are Christianity, folk religions, Judaism. Denmark's religious diversity is vaguely diverse according to a fractionation scale based on the number of religions in Denmark. The index of religious fractionation in Denmark is 0.2333. This score means that within the country there is a major belief with a few other subordinate beliefs.

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